54 pages • 1 hour read
Thomas KingA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
The border motif appears throughout the story, and it provides the central conflict for the Salt Lake City trip storyline. The function of the border is to divide territory along boundaries and control who can pass through based on citizenship and identity. Citizenship and identity is the main theme connected to this motif. The border in the story divides two settler-colonial nations, the United States and Canada. The border signifies where one state ends and the other begins indifferent to Indigenous perceptions of identity and citizenship, which predate the borders that divide their traditional lands and restrict their movement. More abstractly, the border addresses issues of citizenship, status, and belonging in the story. The time that the mother and son spend in limbo between Canada and the US represents the experiences of Indigenous groups and immigrant groups who may experience a loss or denial of identity at border crossings.
The media resolves the central conflict in the Sale Lake City trip storyline. Its presence in the text has a dual meaning—it symbolizes ignorance of Indigenous issues but also the galvanizing power of public attention to make a change. The presence of the media ties to the themes of injustice, identity, and visibility in the text. The media represents the perspectives and interests of mainstream Canadian and US society. Mainstream opinion is ignorant about Indigenous issues regarding status and identity. For example, one of the reporters asks the narrator what it is like “to be an Indian without a country” (142). The narrator and his mother are not without a country or a community—they are Blackfoot. The issue is that they are unable to cross either border based on the mother’s expression of her identity.
The media also represents the importance of public attention and public pressure to make a change. We are not told how the media comes to find out about the family’s struggle to cross the border, but their involvement resolves the conflict. Public attitudes have become more concerned with Indigenous rights and culture, and the media sees a way to gain an audience by covering the story. Due to public pressure and media scrutiny, the border patrol officers accept the mother’s original answer about her nationality (“Blackfoot”), and the family is granted access to the United States.
Water occurs as a symbol several times in the text, and it usually represents the mother’s frustration and conservative perspective. In the beginning, Laetitia points out water towers that signal they are getting close to the border. The mother notes that the reservation also has a water tower. The mother later uses water as a focus for her anger when complaining about the convenience store coffee and the poor water quality where Laetitia is going. The mother can channel her anger and frustration into a tangible object. Water also has symbolism beyond the mother’s frustration. Both the mother and water are life-giving. Additionally, bodies of water can act as borders and create the same separation as a policed border. The symbol of water is important also because Indigenous communities often must fight to retain access to traditional water sources and keep them free from pollution.
By Thomas King
Canadian Literature
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Colonialism & Postcolonialism
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Colonialism Unit
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Family
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Graphic Novels & Books
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Indigenous People's Literature
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Juvenile Literature
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Nation & Nationalism
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Satire
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