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The story is peppered with symbols that represent control or the lack of control. Viewed collectively, these symbols create a motif that supports the theme of “Control Versus Independence.” For example, on the day of the protest, Jude is under strict instructions to stay in their apartment while Issa participates actively in the event. Through the window, Jude observes a mint plant growing out of control: “No one knows how the mint got there; / someone should do something about that” (28). The plant represents the protest, the growing rebellion in Syria, and her brother’s involvement in both—all things Jude cannot control.

Another symbol is Jude’s collection of letters to Fatima. Jude tries to maintain a sense of control over her friendship with Fatima by consistently writing letters to her from America. Fatima does not write back, but Jude is not surprised by this, as Fatima is “more of a talker than a writer” (178). However, Jude later discovers that Mama never sent Jude’s letters to Fatima; Fatima and Aunt Amal’s whereabouts are unknown, and Mama did not tell Jude to prevent her worrying. Jude is frustrated and angry over her powerlessness.

Character actions can serve as symbols as well. Sarah feels a lack of control when her parents speak in Arabic and when her father takes Jude out to dinner; these moments highlight her distance from her father and his heritage. On both occasions she confronts Jude by calling Jude to come to her (Sarah’s) bedroom. Jude acquiesces both times, and their conversations take place firmly within Sarah’s territory. This symbolizes Sarah’s desire for control over situations in which she feels left out.