65 pages • 2 hours read
Pat ConroyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In the present, Tom visits Susan's well-appointed apartment and makes dinner for her and Bernard. There is an easy chemistry between Tom and the doctor, but Bernard initially seems uptight. As Tom jokes around at the dinner table, Bernard grows more relaxed around his mother, telling her about his favorite football teams. Tom senses that Bernard is usually not as happy at home. Later, when Bernard learns Tom is not currently employed as a football trainer, he lashes out against Tom and Susan for not hiring him a “real coach” (334). Tom refuses to mollycoddle Bernard and insists he help them clear the table. Bernard appears to calm down. Susan reveals to Tom that the environment at their house is very tense, with Herbert not even allowing dinner conversations. Bernard is afraid of his father. Tom feels a kinship with Bernard and tells Susan he is establishing boundaries with the boy, which he would like Susan to enforce.
Tom tells Susan about Sallie’s affair. He thinks it is his destiny to be sad because he chose to be born to his parents. Savannah has the same destiny, except the consequences are far more magnified in her case. He reveals to Susan the real reason that he hasn’t seen Savannah in three years: Savannah wants to stay away from all her family, including her twin.
Susan tells Tom that Herbert has been having an affair with the beautiful woman Tom met at his office. Tom realizes that Susan, too, has demons of her own, including an indifferent, cruel husband who refuses to engage with his son. Susan’s revelation endears her further to Tom. When Susan confesses that she is attracted to Tom, a confused Tom leaves her apartment.
Tom now relates to Susan the finest day of his life. The Miami aquarium has sent a boat, the Amberjack, to fetch Snow, the albino porpoise that Colleton considers its lucky symbol. The community is aghast at the idea, and the state legislature tries to make it a crime to capture a white porpoise in South Carolina waters. The people of Colleton are on a constant lookout for the Amberjack, even tracking its radio signals. Luke gets into action when he spots the boat closing in on Snow. From a bridge over the river, he rallies hundreds of onlookers to throw hard, green tomatoes at the crew, forcing them to retreat.
The retreat of the Amberjack is temporary. The crew docks the boat 40 miles south of Colleton, monitoring the radio waves and waiting for the controversy to cool down before they can approach Snow again. Henry plays a surprise role in the capture of Snow when he tells the crew of the Amberjack that he has spotted a “submerged log” (354) in Zajac Creek. “Submerged log” is the secret code name for the porpoise Henry had worked out with the crew in exchange for $1,000. Snow is captured, and Henry’s family is disgusted by his betrayal.
Luke takes it upon himself to right his father’s wrong. He secretly goes to Florida in the family’s pick-up truck with his siblings, carrying sleeping pills he has stolen from Tolitha’s medicine cabinet. At the Miami Seaquarium, the teenagers offer fried chicken laced with sleeping pills to the night watchman, sedating him. Then they head to Snow’s pool, drug her through tampered treats, and carry her out tied to a stretcher. They place Snow onto wet mattresses in the pick-up truck they keep dousing with water. Soon, with Lila’s help, they return the porpoise to the river at Colleton.
In this chapter, Tom recounts Benji’s integration into Colleton High School. As Benji approaches the school, the waiting crowd of hostile white people hisses racial slurs against him, with an athlete, Oscar Woodhead, even threatening to murder Benji. Tom plans to navigate this tense situation by keeping a low profile and staying away from Benji. Grown-up Tom realizes that by staying passive, he acted racist. His racism arose not from hatred but from a need to conform to the majority. However, Savannah is braver, welcoming Benji openly to the school. When Oscar begins verbally abusing Savannah for talking to Benji, Tom cannot stay out of the quarrel. He reluctantly agrees to fight Oscar after school, which the entire school prepares to watch.
Tom hopes Luke will take his place in the fight, but Luke only forces Oscar to apologize to Savannah and gives Tom pointers on defeating the bigger boy. A terrified Tom follows Luke’s instructions to be light on his feet and move as if dancing; Tom manages to win against Oscar.
During football practice later in the day, Tom tells Benji that he has heard about Benji's speed on the field. The two boys indulge in good-natured banter, and Benji beats Tom’s time on each of his running dashes. Benji’s athletic skills so impress the racist coach that he welcomes Benji to the team. The team forgets about opposing integration and starts dreaming of the state championship with Benji in their ranks.
Tom visits 1961 when he is a 17-year-old quarterback on the Colleton High School football team. It is a halcyon period in the life of the Wingos, with shrimp selling at great prices and Henry being kind to Lila. Savannah, cheerleading for the game, is resplendent in her “off-beat prettiness” (382), and Tom feels a surge of love for her and Luke. Their caged tiger Caesar is the mascot for the team, the Colleton Tigers. Before the game, Luke tells the team that their rivals, North Charleston, will be targeting Benji for his race, but they have to stick up for their teammate. As Luke has predicted, the North Charleston team hurls racial slurs at Benji on the field. The Colleton Tigers rally behind Benji, playing hard to defeat North Charleston. When Colleton wins, Luke gets Caesar to roar, and the crowd roar along with Caesar. After the victory, people cheer for Benji, with Oscar even lifting Benji on his shoulders. Tom presents this as an example of positive race relations.
Luke and Tom are dressed in khakis for the victory dance after the game, for which they get teased. While Luke brushes off the taunts, Tom is affected by the fact that, unlike the other boys, he doesn’t have a sports jacket, even though he is co-captain of the team. He asks Lila to buy him and Luke jackets, but Lila refuses even though the family has made good money this season. Lila’s judgment of him as “selfish” (400) saddens Tom. He questions Lila why Savannah gets to dress in pretty clothes, to which Lila replies that dressing well is a necessity for a girl, so she attracts the right kind of men. Lila doesn’t want Savannah to marry wrong like she did. Lila’s double standards fill Tom with bitterness.
Tom has settled in Savannah’s apartment, paying her overdue bills and repainting it with Eddie’s help. He often searches Savannah’s apartment for clues that may help in her recovery. Tom has the odd feeling Savannah has hidden something enormous from him in the three years they have spent apart. Tom recalls that Savannah always liked keeping secrets and surprising people. She would hide gifts from the family, leading them on a treasure hunt with planted clues. He can see the same streak in Savannah’s writing.
From her recent poems, Tom can see Savannah is outgrowing the South as a subject, dedicating poems now to the Hudson River of New York. In one of her books, he sees a photo of a girl named Renata Halpern. Tom cannot understand her connection to Savannah until he notices several letters at Savannah’s apartment addressed to Renata. He even finds a journal with a poem written by Renata. The writing style of the poem is unmistakably that of Savannah.
Tom starts looking for more of Renata’s writing and finally finds The Southern Way, a children’s book authored by her, at a nearby bookstore. Reading the book, it is obvious it is based on Savannah’s childhood and that Renata is Savannah’s alter ego. Savannah has disguised some of the most horrific events of her childhood as a magical children’s story of terror and rescue. Tom’s narrative now switches to The Southern Way by R. Halpern. The story features a sad, beautiful mother called Blaise, who lives on an island with her three small, beautiful daughters, Rose, Sharon, and Lindsay. Their father is dead. All three girls possess specific magical powers over animals. When three evil men attack their home, the girls summon their beloved animals and natural forces to kill the men. That evening, their father returns home, alive, and the family goes on to lead a happy life.
The most significant development in this section is Tom’s discovery of Renata Halpern and The Southern Way. Tom’s discovery in Chapter 19 marks the beginning of the narrative's climax, which is the revealing of the big secret the Wingos have been keeping for years. Chapters 15-19 also bring the growing-up Wingos in contact with developments in the larger world, such as integration and environmental encroachment.
In Chapter 16, the porpoise Snow is symbolic of the good fortune of Colleton. Her capture by the Florida Seaquarium team foreshadows the later fall of Colleton. Henry’s role in the capture of Snow is a betrayal of enormous proportions, much like the killing of the white albatross in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poem “The Ancient Mariner” (1834). In a way, it dooms the town to its ultimate fate. Henry's part in this capture shows that he is fundamentally untrustworthy. Though his children love him, Henry will fail the role of the parent as protector and guardian time and again. The capture of Snow also represents the larger forces of capitalism and industrialization making inroads in the self-contained natural world of Colleton. That the porpoise is to be kept in an Aquarium rather than its natural habitat shows flaws in the contemporary approach to life. Luke’s charge with green tomatoes at the bridge establishes his role as the team leader, soldier, and man of action in both the lives of the Wingos and the narrative. It is suggested that Luke takes over the role of a good father that Henry has abandoned.
As the narrative moves towards its second and climactic half, Luke’s role in the story picks up. It is Luke who successfully engineers Snow’s recapture and release. Again, Lila is in on the plan, suggesting her oneness with the children. The release symbolizes how the Wingo children will have to be their own saviors at every step in their lives. They cannot depend on grown-ups to fix the world. The improbability of the recapture and release hints that the recapture is akin to wishful thinking, a once-in-a-lifetime event. Such dramatic reversals may not always be possible in real life.
The theme of racial tension is explored in Chapters 17 and 18, with Benji Washington joining Colleton High. Tom is honest in confessing that his inherited racism keeps him from speaking out against Benji’s harassment. The difference between Tom and his siblings, especially his twin Savannah, becomes very apparent in how they react to the bullying. Savannah is braver and more reckless than Tom, who is trapped in the role of the keeper of peace and the status quo. Perhaps that is why, out of the three siblings, it is Tom who ultimately opts for a relatively more conventional life of marriage and parenthood. The episode with Benji reveals the deepest flaws of Tom’s nature. Tom’s treatment of Benji’s ultimate acceptance is also problematic. He glosses over Benji’s traumatic experience and considers Benji being accepted by his peers a win for racial harmony. He doesn’t question why Benji needs to prove himself to be accepted or whether Benji has accepted his erstwhile bullies. The line about Oscar hoisting Benji in his shoulders after a team victory is presented as a triumphant, feel-good image, but it strikes a false note, eliding uncomfortable truths.
The novel’s prominent theme of doubles and alter egos gains momentum in Chapter 19 with the discovery that Savannah may be writing the family’s deepest secrets under the identity of Renata Halpern. This is a crucial, breakthrough moment for Savannah, Tom, and the rest of the Wingos. Fittingly, the moment is triggered by Savannah, the Wingo considered most fragile but actually the bravest in terms of upsetting the status quo. Savannah’s telling of the truth is what will ultimately give the family another shot at redemption. In recounting The Southern Way, the narrative uses the technique of a frame tale or a story within a story. The frame tale gives depth to the narrative, creating an effect that takes the reader into the text’s deeper secrets. The fairy-tale-like quality of The Southern Way is deliberate; like many fairy tales, it contains themes of sexual menace, violence, and death and has a great subtext. Ostentatiously a children’s tale, The Southern Way is filled with peril and danger. The magical bonds between the three little girls and animals echo how the Wingo children identify with the natural world, including creatures like Snow and Caesar. The book’s title is an allusion both to the magic of the children, as well as the Wingo habit of keeping secrets, the real southern way, according to Tom.
By Pat Conroy
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