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60 pages 2 hours read

Paola Mendoza, Abby Sher

Sanctuary

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2020

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Chapters 23-30Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 23 Summary

On the ground, Vali sees Ernie and Malakas, but not Volcanoman. The three of them run away from the trucks, roll down an embankment, and hide in some bushes. They can hear DF officers speaking to Volcanoman. A drone appears, shoots down a net, and captures Volcanoman, lifting him into the drone. Vali hears the DF officers remark that Volcanoman did not have a chip. This confirms that she and Malakas are still in danger despite having removed their counterfeit chips. Vali realizes that it is too dangerous to walk into the nearby DF camp to check if the woman Vali saw was really Mami.

Vali, Ernie, and Malakas continue walking toward the Verde Valley. Vali cuts open a cactus to help with hydration, but there is hardly anything inside. She gives it to Ernie, but he spits it out because it tastes bad. Ernie then feels sick and collapses. Malakas finds a better cactus and opens it up to get some juice, which they pour into Ernie’s mouth, reviving him. They rest beneath some bushes and Vali tells Ernie he needs to keep going so they can make it to California and try to figure out where Mami is and how to save her.

Chapter 24 Summary

Ernie is feverish, but Vali does not know if this is due to heat exhaustion or the cactus. He needs fluids and a way to cool down. She continues feeding him juice from cacti, and she and Malakas drink some too. This does not seem to be enough, so Malakas looks through his binoculars, then runs off. He returns shortly with some trail mix and two gallons of water, which he found at a nearby empty campsite. Vali and Malakas lament all the people they have lost already.

Chapter 25 Summary

Vali, Ernie, and Malakas hide for three days while they rehydrate. Ernie improves and is excited that they only have 50 miles left to travel. At night, they see a moped coming toward them. Ernie hides while Vali and Malakas grab some rocks. The moped driver, who is a DF agent, pulls over to smoke a cigarette, without noticing them. Vali hits him in the head with a rock, knocking him unconscious. The officer’s phone buzzes with messages from other DF agents asking for updates. Malakas says they need to leave. Ernie leaves the officer some water, and they get on the moped with Vali driving. On the dashboard, there’s a map with GPS. They travel for a while before approaching a DF checkpoint; they have no option but to stop when an agent holds a gun on them.

When they stop, Vali realizes this DF agent is a teenage girl about her own age. Vali sticks her wrist out and the officer looks disturbed at Vali’s wound from where Malakas cut her chip out. Vali shares her real name and birth date; the officer is one day younger than Vali. She lowers her gun and allows them to go. Vali doesn’t know why they’ve been spared, but she is grateful. They only have 40 miles left to travel.

Dawn arrives; they are in Yuma County, Arizona, just a few miles from the border. There are no more checkpoints, but construction of the wall that will separate California from the rest of the US is already in place, and landmines are planted. The screen on the moped’s dashboard indicates the location of the landmines. Vali notices that there are no mines in the Colorado River, which crosses the border into California. This is now their plan for how to cross into California.

Chapter 26 Summary

The closer Malakas, Vali, and Ernie get to the Colorado River, the more land mines there are, and they must drive slowly and in a maze-like fashion to avoid them all. DF officers start trailing them. Drones start dropping nets and shooting. At the riverbank, they run into the water.

Chapter 27 Summary

Malakas, Vali, and Ernie swim 583 strokes to cross the river with DF still shooting at them. Even though Vali and Ernie are not great swimmers, they muster all the strength and courage they can in order to keep going. They emerge on the other side in California.

Chapter 28 Summary

The narration switches to present tense. A rescue team helps Malakas, Vali, and Ernie out of the river and wraps them in blankets. Vali notices a cartoon princess on hers. The rescuers feed them and ask them questions. Vali tries to answer but worries she is not making sense. The rescuers agree to help Vali find Tia Luna and, if possible, Mami. They reach Tia Luna by phone and she agrees to pick them up. The rescuers send Malakas to a group home for child refugees.

Tia Luna arrives and is flustered but overjoyed that Vali and Ernie are safe. She drives them to her house, a one-bedroom structure in the backyard of someone else’s home. They shower, eat, and sleep. Vali is incredibly grateful to be safe and alive, but she is overwhelmed with emotions. She tells Tia Luna about the DF tents in the desert where she saw a woman who resembled Mami. Tia Luna says the US government has stopped deporting undocumented immigrants, and now they enslave them instead so they can “pay off their debt to America” (285). The DF now forces undocumented immigrants to work for no pay while living in cages and chained to each other. So far, no one has escaped this enslavement, so Tia Luna and other citizens cannot know exactly what goes on in those tents. Vali says they need to help, but Tia Luna says there is no safe way to do this.

Tia Luna has joined various community groups who meet at her house sometimes. These groups want to help undocumented immigrants in “the Other 49” (286), which is how Californians now refer to the non-California part of the US. Vali attends the meetings but her frustration grows because despite the effort and planning these organizers put in nothing actually changes. Vali’s wrist is infected, so she sees a doctor who prescribes antibiotics.

Vali speaks to Malakas on the phone. His group home is full of children and young adults wondering if they will ever see their families again and what their next steps in life are. She wishes Malakas could live with Tia Luna too, but he can’t. Vali misses Malakas, and she also misses how she felt when she was with him; back then, she had a clear purpose at all times: Stay alive and outrun the DF. Now, she feels like she is at a standstill because there is nothing she can do about Mami, Malakas, or other conflicts.

Chapter 29 Summary

Now its own country, California creates a database of names, contact information, and stories of undocumented immigrants who were previously in the Other 49 but have arrived in California for sanctuary. Tia Luna takes Vali and Ernie to contribute to the database. A woman named Kelly asks Vali many questions; some seem pointless to Vali, such as which addresses Vali has lived at in the past. Vali doesn’t understand how any of this will help her mother or anyone else. She suspects the purpose of the database is just to make Californians feel like they are helping, when really, they are not doing anything useful.

Vali starts writing Mami letters, although she knows Mami won’t be able to read them. Vali and Ernie start attending school, and Vali makes a friend, Isabel, who reminds her of Kenna. Vali and Malakas speak on the phone often but haven’t seen each other since arriving in California. Both have flashbacks because of their traumatic journey.

On the Fourth of July in Los Angeles, a large meeting of activists occurs. Someone gives a speech and debriefs the crowd: California seceded from the US two months prior. Since then, 15,000 undocumented immigrants have arrived in California. An estimated 10 million undocumented immigrants remain unaccounted for in the Other 49. Ten new DF tents have been discovered in the past two weeks, suggesting thousands of people were recently captured. Nobody has escaped the camps, so insider information is still limited. Construction of the wall separating California from the rest of the US should be completed within the year. The wall will have thousands of landmines surrounding it. Alaska has chosen to remain part of the US but Hawaii is attempting to secede. Everyone at the meeting seems excited about this, but Vali feels disheartened; the statistics do not convey the actual stories of undocumented immigrants’ struggles.

Chapter 30 Summary

In Vali’s dream, Mami tells her to return to the Colorado River. She calls Malakas and arranges to meet him there. They hug, then are silent for a while. They watch the water. Vali says she feels like she is still swimming across the river, stuck in that moment. Malakas explains that the moon controls the water to some degree. They step into the water, where Vali feels like her parents both “are.” Vali still feels a pull drawing her back to the Other 49, where Mami is.

Chapters 23-30 Analysis

In this last section of the story, on their harrowing journey toward California, Vali, Malakas, and Ernie encounter several strokes of good luck that allow them to succeed in their challenging journey. This develops the recurring motif of fairy-tale elements because each boon received is necessary for their happy ending. For example, when they are stuck on foot in the desert, at risk of dehydration and starvation with no food or water left, Malakas finds two gallons of water and a large bag of trail mix that someone left behind. Next, a DF agent on a moped doesn’t notice them, which allows Vali to knock him unconscious and steal his moped. The moped is an especially lucky blessing and especially necessary because its screen tells them the location of land mines so they can avoid them. Lastly, even though Malakas, Vali, and Ernie are being shot at by drones and humans on mopeds, and even though they are not good swimmers, they miraculously make it across the Colorado River without a single bullet even grazing any of them.

Another irony exists with the officer on duty at the DF checkpoint, but this time, the irony works to help Vali and the others. The US government, in an effort to construct DF forces immediately and in large numbers, welcomed those as young as high school to join their ranks. Ironically, the DF agent on duty when Vali approaches the checkpoint happens to be a girl her age; seeing that Vali is in fact not so different, the agent lets them by.

The novel also reaches its peak of dystopian elements in this section when it is revealed why the US government is so invested in preventing undocumented immigrants from reaching sanctuary in the separate country of California. Logically, if their goal was to deport all undocumented immigrants from the US, it seemed they would have no reason to prevent people from going to California However, in this section it is revealed that the US is capturing undocumented immigrants in order to enslave them, forcing them to work for no pay so that the US can profit from their labor. Removing all agency and freedoms from a marginalized populace is a situation common to many dystopian plotlines, as is the attempt by the authoritative power to keep the enslavement secret. In the novel, the US government attempts secrecy with their plans for enslavement through the use of DF tents in remote desert locations, but their secret is discovered not only by Vali on the train but by those in California who now actively work for the protections of immigrants still in the Other 49.

Once the group makes it across the river to California, there is a tense shift, and the rest of the novel is told in present rather than past tense (but still through Vali’s first-person point of view). This tense shift draws attention to the significance of the change that has occurred: No longer are Vali and Ernie on the run or being hunted by the law, and their lives are no longer in danger. Thanks to Vali’s judgment and courage, she and her brother reach the safety their parents sought for them thanks to their own resilience and the supportive, protective actions of others; the novel’s last scene concludes on the theme of The Power of Family when Vali credits the courage of her parents in her success. Their happily-ever-after ending is complicated, however, by continuing conflicts: The siblings made it to sanctuary and have a chance at a better life, but Mami’s fate is uncertain, and Vali is frustrated by the slow progress of activist groups. The novel ends on a hopeful but bittersweet note.

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