53 pages • 1 hour read
Alix E. HarrowA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Opal visits Charlotte, a local librarian, and asks her for information on the Starlings. Charlotte shows her an archive that had been donated by someone from the Gravely family. Opal goes through piles of papers and eventually stumbles across her dead mother’s phone number written on a receipt. She steals this document, then tells Charlotte about her position at Starling House and her encounter with Elizabeth. Charlotte has been doing research on Eden and recently met a woman named Calliope Boone, whose family knew the Starlings. Charlotte does not elaborate on how the Boones and the Starlings were associated. She only says that Calliope is a Black woman, and it is left to Opal to “consider exactly what kind of history a Black family might have with a rich family just south of the Mason-Dixon Line” (85). Charlotte plays a recording of her conversation with Calliope, in which Calliope tells the “true” story of Starling House.
The recording of Calliope reveals that the three Gravely brothers (the same brothers whom Eleanor is suspected to have killed) worked in the coal business. Because they started this business just before the end of legalized slavery in the United States, they purchased several enslaved men to work in their mines, including a man named Nathaniel Boone. The Gravely brothers were cruel enslavers and used the enslaved men to get everything they could out of the mines even after slavery was officially abolished. One day, Nathaniel found a crack at the bottom of the earth. He fell into it and claimed to meet demons there. Immediately afterward, the first Gravely brother was found dead in Mud River. After that night, all the enslaved men that Gravely “thought he owned” (88) left Eden, with the exception of Nathaniel, who refused to leave Eden and dreamed of the Gravely family’s deaths. On the day that Eleanor was married to the second Gravely brother, Nathaniel found her standing in the river with stones in her pockets. He told her the story of how he saw cracks in the earth that led to a different world at the bottom of the mines. The following day, Nathaniel was not surprised to learn of the death of the second Gravely brother. Years later, just before the third brother’s death, he received a note from Eleanor telling him that he no longer had a reason to stay in Eden.
Elizabeth finds Opal again the next day and lures her into a car with two men. Elizabeth tells Opal that her company is researching several anomalous events in Eden. She shows Opal several newspaper clippings describing incidents of deadly occurrences. According to Elizabeth, the rate of such incidents in Eden is much higher than the national average. Opal reads the article featuring her mother’s death and remembers the night when her mother drove into the Mud River and drowned: a fate that Opal herself also nearly suffered, for she was also in the car at the time. Elizabeth continues to vaguely threaten her, forcing her to tell all that she knows about Starling House and Arthur.
The narrative switches to the third person. Arthur knows of Elizabeth Baine and is well aware that people have been trying to get access to Starling House for generations. Opal tells Arthur everything that Elizabeth has asked but falsely claims that she told Elizabeth nothing. Arthur knows that Opal is lying, but he gives his permission for Opal to tell Elizabeth whatever she wants to know.
Rather than cleaning that day, Opal wanders the house, stealing a letter that is addressed to Arthur. At the end of the day, she finds Arthur outside, standing next to his father’s old pickup truck. He offers to loan the truck to Opal after learning that she walks to work every day. He also gives her his phone number. That night, Opal reads the letter she stole. Written by Arthur’s mother, the letter cryptically alludes to the Gravely boys and asserts that Arthur must be a Warden of the house. Opal is confused but gains the impression that Arthur is stuck in Eden just like she is. She contemplates sending a picture of the letter to Elizabeth but quickly deletes the picture before she can give in to the impulse. The next morning, to Arthur’s consternation, Opal brings a stray cat from the motel to Starling House. Opal feels like Arthur is becoming more human to her, but she is still wary of him.
In just a few days, Arthur takes a liking to what Opal calls “the hellcat” and has named it Baast. Opal finds herself telling Arthur about the motel and Jasper, but Arthur is still closed off to her. Instead of heading to the motel after work, Opal goes to pick up Jasper at a friend’s house. The friend’s mother talks with Opal about the Starlings. Upon noticing that Opal is driving the Starlings’ old truck, she warns her against going to the house, asserting that it is a hotbed for cult-like activities. At the motel, Opal sees an email meant for Jasper, thanking him for his application to Gravely Power. Having just signed the forms to send him to Stonewood Academy and fearing for his future, Opal deletes the email and blocks the contact. Meanwhile, Elizabeth starts requesting pictures of Starling House, and Opal is forced to comply.
Throughout the spring, Opal nearly finishes cleaning the house. She also evades Elizabeth’s questions about a basement, which Opal knows is concealed beneath a small door in the kitchen. Arthur’s bedroom is one of the last rooms that Opal still needs to clean, so she sneaks in one day. The bedroom walls are covered with drawings of beasts that she initially assumes are from The Underland, but she soon realizes that they are Arthur’s drawings of the world as seen from Starling House. She also notices a drawing of herself and rushes out of the room. The house has many twists and turns, as if the rooms themselves often change places, and Opal gets lost and ends up outside, where she sees Arthur beside the shared grave of his parents. When he spots her, Arthur punches a hole through one of the house’s windows, leaving Opal confused and concerned. She messages Elizabeth and claims that she wasn’t able to access the cellar by the woman’s deadline. She tries to forget that there will be consequences for her lack of surveillance on Elizabeth’s behalf.
One day, Elizabeth comes to see Jasper at his school and vaguely threatens him. Later, Opal is surprised to find Jasper on the road to Starling House. He tells her about Elizabeth, and although he already knows that she was secretly working at the house, he now tries to warn Opal about the house just as everyone else has done. Opel realizes that he is genuinely afraid for her.
That night, Opal drives back to the house. Arthur is able to sense the moment when the gates are open. He also finds the door to the basement open and heads downstairs to attack the beast that he assumes is there. Instead, he finds Opal and all the pictures that she has taken of Starling House. While they argue and Opal asks questions that Arthur cannot answer, he hears scratching on the other side of a padlocked door in the basement and tells Opal to run.
At the motel, Opal finds a box of archival items that Charlotte has given her. Amongst the Gravely documents, Opal finds a picture of her mother with the name Delilah Jewell Gravely written on it. (Opal’s mother went by Jewell and told Opal that her last name was whatever she wanted it to be.) Finding her copy of The Underland, which Opal hid after her mother’s death, she now finds the initials DJG inside the cover and realizes that she herself is a Gravely. She begins to reread The Underland, which tells the story of a girl named Nora Lee who knows that she is going to be eaten by a fox. In the story, a hare tells Nora Lee to search for a place called the Underland. (The story bears a passing resemblance to the story of Nathaniel Boone, who found a crack in the earth at the bottom of the Gravely brothers’ mines.) When Nora Lee reaches the Underland, she tells the beasts there about the fox and unlocks the door that keeps them in the Underland, thereby allowing them to reach the surface. When she reaches the surface herself, she finds the fox dead. She repeats this process every time a fox finds her. Opal finds the dedication of the book especially striking, for it cryptically reads, “To every child who needs a way into Underland. Befriend the Beasts, children, and follow them down” (154).
In this second group of chapters, the stories in which Eden is steeped begin to shift and change, causing Opal to question the honesty of the original storytellers. For example, when introduces Calliope’s story, the librarian tells Opal, “[Calliope] told me a different story about Starling House. Or maybe it’s the same one, seen from a different angle, I don’t know” (85). Calliope’s story, though significantly different from Bev’s, does not entirely undermine the canonical legends of Starling House. However, Opal herself notes that Bev’s story distinctly lacks any historical context, which causes her to reflect that the people of Eden dislike “anything ugly or unfortunate, anything that took the shine off the story they were telling about themselves” (86). Thus, Calliope’s story of Starling House greatly supplements the first, adding in the cultural and historical background that is missing from the well-known rumors about both families. Most importantly, however, Calliope’s version fully acknowledges the suffering and the vital roles played by enslaved people during that time frame. This element contrasts greatly with the “sanitized” aspects of the first story, which blandly characterizes the Gravelys as hardworking examples of the traditional “American Dream” and refuses to address their highly problematic status as enslavers. Thus, The Interplay of Truth, Stories, and Power is once again at work as the second story reveals that the Gravely brothers’ prosperity, and by extension the prosperity of Eden itself, was only achieved by the labor of enslaved people. In this light, it is clear that complex cultural dynamics such as race and class, as well as shifting concepts of ownership and possession, complicate the stories of Starling House immeasurably. Like the enslaved men that Gravely “thought he owned” (88), questions of ownership will continue to recur throughout the story, leading Opal to wonder whose version of Eden’s history is the most accurate.
The second story further illuminates the complex dynamics of power, for it raises the question of who has the ability to control a narrative. Significantly, the most persistent story about Eleanor Starling is the one that has been passed down through the Gravely family, which is still the wealthiest and most powerful family in Eden. By contrast, the story that Calliope tells has long been forgotten because it does not paint a complimentary picture of the town. Combined with the fact that Calliope herself is a Black woman who therefore shares a fraught and marginalized legacy in a Southern town dominated by wealthy and influential white citizens, it is clear that the modern-day residents of Eden—who are almost exclusively white—have the privilege of forgetting the full picture of the town’s past. One of the most symbolically significant sites of power is the Gravely mines, for, as the narrative states, “The Gravely brothers [were] determined to get as much coal out of the ground as they could before their time ran out” (88). This statement is a euphemistic way of alluding to the moment when the news of abolition would inevitably reach the enslaved people of Eden, who would finally realize themselves to be free and would no longer serve as a source of labor for the grasping Gravely brothers.
Thus, the coal mines are the source of the original Gravelys’ power, yet they only obtained that power through the labor of enslaved people. However, one of these men, Nathaniel Boone, finds his own source of power in the mines when he discovers the cracks in the earth that are later revealed to be doors to the Underland. In addition to providing a supernatural element for this Southern Gothic tale, Nathaniel’s discovery also serves as a symbol that the marginalized members of any society can find hidden sources of power and strength and can use them to rise up against their oppressors. Other power dynamics also exist in modern-day Eden and are personified by Elizabeth and her company, for by doing research on Starling House for the Gravelys, she acts as an ominous representative of their longstanding power over Eden. As such, she is often described as a monster, for she and her company exercise their knowledge of Opal and her family to manipulate events in their favor, and they also wield the political power to use bribery and threats to control different narratives around town. Elizabeth’s social privilege is also reflected in her pristine appearance, thereby highlighting the connection between power and privilege that pervades the events of the novel.
Throughout this section of Starling House, Opal frequently questions what she owes to others and what is owed to her. Due to her upbringing, she primarily views all relationships as transactional, for her mother’s “entire life was a house of cards built from favors and charity” (107). Unlike her mother, however, Opal wants to build a stable life for herself and Jasper, so she makes sure to keep herself free of debts in any form. For example, when Arthur offers to loan her his father’s car, Opal can’t accept because she feels like she must repay him for the favor and hates the thought of being indebted to him, especially since she has already stolen a handful of items from the house. As a result of this internal discomfort, she claims, “I work for what I can and steal the rest; I don’t owe anybody shit” (107). Yet despite this declaration, Opal simultaneously feels that she owes everything she has to Jasper, for not only is he the only family she has left, but his dependence upon her was the only motivation that pulled Opal out of her grief after her mother’s death. Jasper frequently asserts that he does not want her help, especially because he knows that helping Jasper costs Opal nearly everything she has. Nevertheless, Opal feels like she owes it to Jasper to enroll him in an elite boarding school without his knowledge, and this becomes a sore point of contention later in the novel as Jasper objects to his lack of choice in the matter.
By Alix E. Harrow
Challenging Authority
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Family
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Fantasy
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Memory
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