63 pages • 2 hours read
Theodore TaylorA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Phillip is at his home in Scharloo, an area of Willemstad on the island of Curaçao, on the night that German U-boats first attack. The next morning, he wants to look out at the sea and see if he can spot the submarines. His mother, Grace, instructs him to stay close to home, but he does not listen to her and heads to Fort Amsterdam with his friend, Henrik van Boven. Henrik, whose father works for the army, knows more about the attack than Phillip does. Phillip believes that the United States navy will soon come to Curaçao’s aid. Henrik hopes that the Dutch navy will also come, and Phillip “didn’t want to argue with him. Everyone felt bad that Holland had been conquered by the Nazis” (13). A soldier shoos the boys away, and Phillip returns home. His mother scolds him for disobeying her, and he reflects that Henrik’s mother is less prone to worrying about the boys’ actions.
Phillip’s father comes home from the petroleum refinery that evening, having gone to work at two o’ clock in the morning to help manage the crisis. Grace warns Phillip not to ask his father too many questions, as the situation is stressful enough, and Phillip considers how much less time he gets to spend with his father now that the refinery is taking up so much of his time. He also reflects on how unhappy his mother was to move to Curaçao when the war broke out: She preferred her life in Virginia, where she had friends, was more comfortable with the climate, and was surrounded primarily by white people. Phillip asks his father a few questions despite his mother’s warning and learns that there may be more attacks forthcoming; there are at least three German submarines nearby, and Curaçao, having no weapons, can do little to defend itself.
After dinner, Phillip’s father checks that all of the blackout curtains are in place, then returns to the refinery to keep working. Phillip and his mother sleep downstairs for safety, and he puts a hatchet under the couch, fearing what might happen in an attack. Late at night, Phillip’s father returns home and discusses the future with Grace. She wants to leave Curaçao, but he cannot abandon his duties. She then suggests leaving with Phillip, though not on a plane, as she is afraid of flying. Phillip overhears this conversation and does not want to leave. The next day, some Chinese sailing crews refuse to ferry oil without escorts, effectively stopping Curaçao’s oil supply and ability to help with the war. No ships arrive bearing fresh water, which puts the residents of Curaçao in a dangerous position, as they do not have a steady water supply of their own.
Around February 21, some ships agree to set sail again. An armed British tanker called the SS Empire Tern also gets ready to ferry some oil. Just before it leaves the harbor, the Empire Tern is hit by a torpedo and explodes; Phillip and his father see the explosion from the shore, as the ship “vanishe[s] in a wall of red flames” (22). Phillip starts to understand the severity of the war. Grace becomes more insistent that she and Phillip leave Curaçao; her husband thinks she is making a mistake. At the beginning of April, Grace tells Phillip that his father has managed to get them passage on a ship bound for the United States. Unwilling to leave, Phillip considers running away and hiding; he tries to persuade his mother to stay but ultimately realizes he has no choice but to leave. He tells Henrik that he will only be away briefly on a visit to see his grandparents, not wanting to be thought a coward. Grace and Phillip board the SS Hato and wave to Phillip’s father as they depart.
Several days into the voyage, at three o’ clock in the morning on April 6th, the Hato is hit by a torpedo. Phillip and his mother are uninjured in the initial blast and get ready to get off the ship in a lifeboat. As the lifeboat is being lowered into the water, the ship lurches and everyone falls into the ocean. Something hits Phillip on the head, knocking him unconscious. When he wakes up, he has “a terrible pain” (29) in his head and finds that he is on a raft with an old Black man and a cat. The man introduces the cat as Stew Cat. Phillip realizes that he recognizes the man as one of the workers on board the Hato. The raft is alone on the ocean with no other passengers in sight. Phillip is frightened of his companion and misses his mother.
The man warns Phillip not to look directly at the sun. He holds Phillip’s head when he is seasick, saying that such a reaction is understandable given the shock of the situation. The man uses some of the boards of the raft to build a structure over which he drapes his own and Phillip’s clothing. The resulting shelter provides a respite from the hot sun. The raft has a full keg of water and a few other supplies like matches, biscuits, and chocolate. Phillip sleeps for a few hours and wakes up in the late afternoon. The man says that his name is Timothy—he has no surname. Timothy gives Phillip a small sip of water, but refuses to give him more because rationing the water is so crucial. Phillip resents Timothy for this, accusing him of keeping all the water for himself. Once it gets dark, Timothy manages to catch some flying fish that hurl themselves onto the raft. He gives some of the meat to Phillip, who refuses to eat it. He feels that Timothy is very different from him and from the people he knew growing up.
The first few chapters of The Cay introduce Phillip as the book’s protagonist. He is a first-person narrator speaking in the past tense about his experiences. Initially, Phillip’s life in Curaçao is carefree. The war does not worry Phillip, even when the U-boats attack his home island. Because he is a child, Phillip sometimes lacks context for what is happening around him. For instance, when his mother scolds him for going to the harbor alone, Phillip does not seem to grasp why she is so upset. He says that, “She was like that. One minute, shaking me; the next, holding me” (14). Other people’s experiences of the world are distant from Phillip’s mind. He struggles to empathize with his parents’ perspectives, resenting both his mother’s desire to leave and his father’s commitment to his work. As a dynamic character, Phillip starts his journey focusing on his own perspective. Later in the story, he learns to empathize with others.
He has frequent conflicts with his parents because he does not understand the severity of the war situation in Curaçao. Although his father answers his questions, he does not manage to make Phillip truly understand what the war means and how it will change his life. Phillip’s biggest concern is not safety, but what Henrik and his mother will think if Phillip and Grace leave the island. He is primed for a journey of self-discovery and transformation precisely because he has not yet faced any major challenges in his life. He is also on the brink of adolescence, a time when many fictional characters go through Coming of Age narratives.
Phillip’s perspective starts to change after the Empire Tern blows up, but he still does not want to leave his home. When he finally does leave, he goes by ship. Ironically, Grace is afraid of flying, but it is the ocean voyage that proves genuinely dangerous. When the Hato is torpedoed, Phillip loses touch with everything he has known so far and has to adjust quickly to a crisis situation. Although Phillip is not yet able to recognize it, Timothy does a great deal to keep him alive and reasonably comfortable during their first day on the raft.
Phillip does not trust Timothy, partly because he is a stranger, partly because he is physically imposing, and partly because he is Black. Phillip’s mother has always felt uncomfortable living near Black people, a perspective that she passed down to her son. Phillip suspects that Black people are very different from himself; he believes this mostly because he has never had the opportunity to get to know any Black people. Because of his internalized beliefs about race, and because he feels alone, Phillip projects a lot of his frustration and fear onto Timothy, making their initial relationship difficult.
The Cay is set up to portray a journey in which Phillip starts out holding on to racist beliefs but ultimately moves beyond them. For that reason, the story starts out with Phillip expressing racist views. Modern readers might still find the text problematic even with this framework in mind, particularly when it comes to Timothy’s speech and Phillip’s physical descriptions of Timothy. His heavy emphasis on how ugly Timothy is, particularly his physical descriptions that rely on racist tropes, may read as unnecessarily vitriolic even given what the narrative is trying to achieve.