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George C. WolfeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The exhibit opens with a narrator in a tuxedo who solemnly enters through the audience. He introduces “yet another Mama-on-the-Couch play” that “tears at the very fabric of racist America” (24). He sits on a stool and announces the opening of the play. As the narrator describes the setting, the set pieces are put into place by a stagehand or appear via crude lighting effects.
A couch revolves onto the stage. On the couch sits Mama. She is wearing a dress made from the same material as the couch and the window drapes, which appear as they are announced. She reads an oversized Bible. A door mat is set downstage center. A picture of Jesus appears on the wall.
The Son, Walter-Lee-Beau-Willie-Jones, enters. As he enters, Mama asks him if he wiped his feet. The Son explodes into an emotional speech about his conflict with “The Man […] wipin’ his feet on me […] every damn day of my life” (24). Mama insists he wipe his feet, but the Son rebels, stating he wants to dream and take charge of his own life. This causes a fight about life and God that ends in Mama giving the Son an exaggerated slap across the face. As she does, the narrator claps to make the sound of a slap. The Son is sent dramatically flying across the stage. The narrator claps and encourages the audience to follow him in doing so. He produces an award from one of the secret compartments in the stage and gives it to Mama. She sits back down on the couch.
The narrator introduces the entrance of Walter-Lee-Beau-Willie’s wife, The Lady in Plaid. The Lady in Plaid enters to jazzy music, wipes her feet, and does a twirl.
She begins speaking in a lyrical monologue form about herself in third person. She describes herself as “a regal beauty who in ancient times graced the temples of the Nile” (26).
The Son asks if she has cooked his dinner. She continues her speech, seemingly oblivious to him but describing him in a derogatory way: “Feet flat, back broke […] still living with his Mama” (26). The Son yells at her, continuing his angry tirade about dealing with The Man and calling for his dinner. The Lady continues her poetic speech, talking about the connections between her ancestors by the Nile and crying for her sisters in Detroit and Chicago.
Unable to get The Lady to respond to him, the Son goes offstage and comes back with two Black dolls. He then crosses to the window with the dolls in his hand, yelling, “Now you gonna cook me dinner?” (27). He throws the dolls out the window. The Lady lets out a primal scream and begins crying. The narrator applauds and compliments her performance. He goes to Mama, wrestles the award away from her, and gives it to The Lady. The Lady instantly stops crying, gets up, bows, and moves behind the couch.
The narrator introduces Walter-Lee-Beau-Willie’s sister, Medea Jones, who enters ceremoniously, wiping her feet as she comes on stage. She speaks and gestures lavishly, as if she is performing in a Greek tragedy. She comments on her brother’s troubled appearance. He tells her to leave him alone. Mama tells Medea that the Son is still constantly complaining about The Man. Medea begs the Son to stop fighting with The Man and to leave his wrath to the gods. When he asks what has gotten into her, she responds that she speaks this way now in order to become classical and therefore universal.
Not having understood anything that Medea has said but nonetheless impressed, The Lady compliments Medea and gives the award to her. Everyone applauds. The Son becomes incensed, insisting that the play is about him and his struggles. The Voice of The Man is then heard, telling the Son he has been convicted of overacting and to come out with his hands up. Son heads toward the window. Mama tries to stop him. As he reaches the window, there is the sound of gunshots. The Son falls dead.
Mama goes to the body full of emotion, decrying that her son is just like his father and his father’s father and his father’s father’s father. Seeing she is about to drop, the narrator quickly rushes to her and puts a pillow underneath her knees. Mama laments that her son should have been born into a better world, a world with no well-worn couches and no well-worn Mamas. If only he had been part of an all-Black musical, she says; nobody ever dies in an all-Black musical. Mama sings gospel-style about being in a happy all-Black musical.
Smiling, the women join in and break into a musical doo-wop gospel song. They sing only about being happy and dancing. The Son then springs to life and starts dancing, too. They all perform a full-on Broadway-esque number. Mama does a scat, and the dancing gets desperate, manic, and no longer entertaining. They all freeze and sing, “If we want to live, we have got to dance…and dance…and dance” (32). They dance with “zombie-like frozen smiles” as images of Black performers from throughout history are projected onto the museum walls (32).
It is no mistake that this exhibit occurs in the middle of the play. With this play-within-a-play, Wolfe is subverting his own medium in order to comment on it.
By having a narrator introduce the play and describe the setting, Wolfe is using an opening that many in his audience would have recognized from television’s Masterpiece Theatre, a series that brought BBC plays and classic novels to American television in a way that many viewers saw as pretentious. The series name became a shorthand term for anyone deriding pretentious theater.
By having the narrator introduce the set pieces, Wolfe is using the theater convention known as the “alienation effect,” a method created by playwright and theater practitioner Berthold Brecht that prevents the audience from becoming emotionally attached to the character and allows them instead to view them with a critical eye in terms of their sociopolitical significance. By presenting the acting award, the narrator again alienates the audience from feeling joy or connection to the performance.
In many ways, this entire exhibit serves as Wolfe’s exploration of the theater as a medium. “The Last Mama-on-the-Couch Play” is a satire of Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun, a 1950s-set play about a Black family in a rundown apartment on Chicago’s South Side that explores the themes of upward mobility, gender, and racism. “The Last Mama-on-the-Couch Play” also includes references to For Colored Girls Considering Suicide, a poem-play by Ntozake Shange performed by an ensemble of Black women whose characters are referred to only by the color of their dress. The Lady in Plaid is clearly intended to be an amalgamation of these characters and her poetic speech a satirical representation of Shange’s work.
The use of Medea is probably just as the author states in the play: By using a classic representation of the sister character, Wolfe can translate the struggles of the Black community as being somehow universal.
Thus, in this exhibit, the construction of the piece itself is more important than the writing within the play or the performances of the actors. The motivations and events in the lives of the characters are stereotypical representations of Black characters we have seen in other plays. Once again Wolfe plays with the individual identity constructing the collective identity and vice versa.
When the entire cast breaks into song about being in an all-Black musical after Willie is shot, Wolfe’s satire is complete. In essence, Wolfe suggests that if the play is entertaining, contains an emotional catharsis, and reveals the universal human issues at the root of Black people’s struggles, then it is no different from minstrel shows of old—Black people singing and dancing to entertain the white masses. The final, hectic song-and-dance performance echoes the theme of hysteria in Miss Roj’s frenzied dance with her demons.