66 pages • 2 hours read
Kirk Wallace JohnsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In The Feather Thief, Johnson explores multiple avenues of obsession. One such avenue is his own. Johnson becomes obsessed with the Tring heist in part because he is running from his own problems. He first became interested in the heist in 2011. At that time, he “felt trapped in a cage of [his] own creation” (7). While the Iraqi war was over, there were still thousands of Iraqi people stuck in their country. These Iraqi people helped the US during the war. Therefore, their compatriots deemed them as traitors. Despite their lives being at stake, the US government was slow to help their former allies. Johnson’s nonprofit, the List Project, was attempting to help Iraqi people flee Iraq and settle in the US. However, Johnson was facing several issues. The sheer number of Iraqi people who needed rescuing proved to be overwhelming. He also found it difficult to secure long-term funding. Johnson knew both issues would worsen with the war ending because the American public would no longer pay attention to the plight of its former allies. This meant that Congress would also turn a blind eye. He became obsessed with the Tring heist, partly as an escape from his own life.
The Victorian era obsession with collecting natural specimens represents another avenue. The elite were especially guilty of this obsession. One example is Lionel Walter Rothschild. He established a museum with his acquisitions, illustrating the sheer volume of his collection. Johnson notes, “The collectors he employed risked life and limb in the pursuit of new species: one had his arm bitten off by a leopard, another died of malaria in New Guinea, three from yellow fever in the Galápagos, and still others succumbed to dysentery and typhoid fever” (41). Collections of natural specimens served as status symbols. The rarer the natural specimens, the more status an individual had.
Another avenue of obsession that Johnson explores is the practice of the Victorian art of salmon fly-tying. The fly-ties that follow this method are ornate, employing dozens of different bird feathers, many of them rare. These feathers were available to Victorian era practitioners, but they are difficult to obtain in modern times because many of the birds are protected by CITES. Despite this, modern-day salmon fly-tiers are obsessed with finding and using “real” bird feathers in their ties. Muzzy, one of Edwin’s first instructors, reiterated to Edwin and Anton the “magic of tying with ‘real’ feathers instead of substitutes like Turkey feathers” (72). There is now a sustainable fly-tying movement to counter this obsession with the real thing.
Johnson also explores Edwin’s obsession with fly-tying. Edwin becomes obsessed with this art form in his teenage years. It literally consumes most of his free time. Perhaps the strongest evidence of his obsession is that he intentionally breaks into the Tring to steal bird skins for both financial gains and to sustain his fly-tying hobby long-term.
One of the most poignant examples of this theme is the feather fever that dominated women’s fashion during the Victorian era. In the early-19th century, merchants purchased individual plumes for their stock. However, by the last three decades of the 19th century, which was the height of the feather fever, merchants purchased plumes by weight. Johnson underscores that this represents astonishing quantities: “commercial hunters had to kill between eight hundred and one thousand Snowy Egrets to yield a kilo of feathers. Only two hundred to three hundred larger bird skins were required to yield a kilo” (45). This feather fever decimated wild bird populations, causing many, including the Passenger Pigeon and Carolina Parakeet, to become extinct.
The Victorian art of salmon fly-tying is another good example. Modern-day practitioners believe their ties help showcase and preserve the beauty of these rare birds. Edwin also held this belief. When he was a teenager, he desperately wanted to tie salmon flies with rare and unique feathers. Once Edwin’s family finally got internet, Edwin “realized he wasn’t alone in his obsession” (75). Edwin soon began to follow ClassicFlyTying.com, the largest online forum for Victorian salmon fly-tiers. On this platform, fellow fly-tiers commiserated about the lack of access to rare feathers. Johnson notes, “The lucky few who happened to have rare bird skins were on top, idolized by the pining mass of featherless newcomers below: by virtue of owning such exotic materials, they alone could tie the most beautiful flies” (64). The fly-tying community’s obsession with “real” ingredients, even when there are cheap, common, and sustainable feathers available, highlights how humankind’s desire to obtain and preserve beautiful natural specimens is impossible to eradicate.
Another example of the destructive allure of real feathers is that of fly-tier Eddie Wolfer and his pet Blue Chatterer. When he was in the hospital, two so-called friends convinced Eddie’s girlfriend to sell them the Blue Chatterer. They proceeded to kill it and sell it at a fly-tying show. While these individuals were clearly motivated by greed, they also succumbed to the fly-tier community belief that tiers were best positioned to preserve the beauty of rare birds in their flies.
What is most troubling about the Tring feather heist is that it does not seem to have quelled the trade of rare bird feathers. In fact, forum members continue to joke about stealing bird feathers from natural history museums, and the black-market trade of illegal feathers continues. Johnson seems pessimistic that this destructive behavior will be curbed anytime soon, although the launch of the sustainable fly-tying movement is a good start.
Johnson argues that museum collections are vulnerable. In Chapter 1, he briefly documents how war threatens museums. The British Museum was bombed dozens of times during both World War I and World War II. During World War II, museum staff moved many of their collections to mansions in the English countryside. In fact, they moved the birds collected by Wallace and Darwin to the private museum in Tring, where they remain today.
The fact that Edwin stole from the Tring museum illustrates this particular museum’s vulnerability. Sadly, this was not the first time the Tring was burglarized. A man stole 10,000 eggs from the Tring over about five years. This man told museum staff that he was severely injured in a work-related accident. Eggs were now his only source of joy. As a result, museum staff allowed the man to visit the egg collection. Museum staff later learned that the man was injured on another heist. This example illustrates one way that thieves can gain access to museums: by pretending to be interested in collections. Edwin used a similar excuse when he visited the Tring for the first time.
Museum collections are intended to be used for research. Curators do not have enough time or resources to investigate every single researcher to ensure they are legitimate. As a result, people who want access to the collections for nefarious purposes can exploit this limitation. The Tring was also burglarized after Edwin’s heist when a man tried to steal rhino horns. Luckily, the museum replaced the real horns with fake ones prior to the burglary because of a warning from Europol about the possibilities of increased theft of horns by criminal gangs. People’s desire to make a profit and to own something that no one else has is making museums increasingly vulnerable to theft.
Johnson also underscores the importance of biodata labels and their own vulnerability. These labels, which contain key date and geographical information, enable researchers to study specimens with confidence. Thieves remove these biodata labels because without the labels, it is more difficult to prove where the specimens come from. Yet, this action creates:
an impassable void for researchers, as few meaningful inferences could be drawn from a skin without knowing the date and geographical details of its collection. An educated guess could be made based on the types of materials and cotton used to stuff a specimen, but it would be a painstakingly slow and less-than-conclusive process (114).
Police and museum curators gave up on finding the Tring bird skins long before Johnson because they figured their biodata labels were removed, which would make it more difficult to find them. Johnson ends the book by suggesting that there is a war going on between knowledge and greed. He concludes that greed appears to be winning, which makes museums even more vulnerable.
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