66 pages • 2 hours read
Tim AlbertaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Chapter 15 introduces Brian Zahnd, the pastor of Word of Life Church in St. Joseph, Missouri. His megachurch is notably empty with only 150 members in attendance at Sunday service. Regardless, Zahnd preaches with enthusiasm. He says that “if you place your hope in the politics of this world, you will be greatly shaken” (282). He believes in having little faith in America and dedicating all faith to God.
Zahnd’s exuberant services used to attract crowds of thousands. Later, though, Zahnd realized that the Christianity he had fostered was only “style and feeling and expression,” (284) with little doctrine. His congregation, no longer countercultural, was Republican, well-off, and complacent. He then studied ancient writers who established the building blocks of Christian doctrine. He continued with the works of prominent historical theologians and concluded that he needed to use his pulpit to dismantle the Christian justification of the American empire. He stated that God raised up Jesus as their example, not America. This led to an exodus of over 1,500 people.
A former friend of Strang’s, he offers insights about the founder of Charisma Media. Strang, at first charmed by the pastor who gave up his congregation for his convictions, published Zahnd’s books on radical forgiveness. Strang loved Zahnd’s emphasis on the “rejection of political tribalism” (288) and asked him to write a regular column for Charisma magazine, but eventually “capitalism got in the way” (289). Zahnd’s book flopped with evangelical readers. Zahnd was unbothered, but Strang refused to print any of his new books and later tried to sabotage his career. Strang then continued to endorse Trumpism, which frustrated Zahnd. “Stephen Strang knew better than this,” (289) he tells Alberta, claiming that Strang chose to pursue power and wealth instead of the word of God.
Zahnd is grateful that he lost his congregation, feeling he is able to connect more intimately with a smaller group and insulate them from rising extremism. He saw aa increase in membership from people searching for a “normal” church. He mentors younger preachers, hoping to send them out to other cities to fulfill that need.
Mostly, Zahnd’s mission is to reclaim Christianity as a “counterculture.” The Old Testament is written primarily from the perspective of those without political power: refugees, enslaved people, and exiles, for example. The New Testament is written by people who often submit to the persecution of the state. When Christianity becomes the dominant culture, argues Zahnd, it becomes corrupted.
Herschel Walker was closely watched by the nation during his Senate run. If elected, the Republicans would control the Senate. His rival Raphael Warnock, a pastor, warned of Walker’s many personal scandals. Walker, in return, called Warnock a “phony follower of Jesus” (295). In a rally, Walker compared Warnock to Satan. Walker cast himself as a “warrior” for God and promised to keep Warnock from dragging Georgia down morally. The substantiated allegations against Walker regarding domestic abuse, affairs, and coerced abortion were disregarded by pro-life advocates. They insist that Walker will oppose abortion as a public official, and that’s what matters. When asked if, since they believe abortion is murder, they think Walker is a murderer, they argue that the Democratic Warnock would allow hundreds of babies to die by keeping abortions legal.
Ralph Reed attended Walker’s rally. Later, in a second interview with Alberta, Reed points out that attacks on a candidate’s character are ineffective from a historical and modern perspective. Reed ignores the fact that he led the attacks on Bill Clinton’s character in the 1990s. He argues that people are fundamentally self-interested and will therefore elect whoever will benefit them, not whoever aligns best with ideals of leadership. Jeffress professes a similar opinion but replaces self-interest with fear. His belief that evangelicals were truly under siege made him support immoral candidates.
Reed disdains the idea of fear as a motivator. He instead views the evangelical change as a “rebellion” against a culture that considers their way of life “inherently intolerant and undemocratic” (301). Reed focuses on what he perceives as evangelical marginalization stemming from legalized abortion and prayer being banned in public schools. He states that evangelicals, because of his efforts and those of his peers, are no longer marginalized. When asked what victories he can point to as an example, Reed gives none.
In the end, Walker lost his bid for Senate to Warnock. Apparently, muses Alberta, attacks on character can sometimes cost a candidate their election. Mastriano similarly lost his bid in the midterms.
Millions of evangelicals identify as “single-issue voters,” concerned only with the pro-life movement. Candidates use that single-mindedness to amass wealth and power. After Roe v. Wade was overturned in 2022, many evangelicals saw that as a validation of the compromises they made to achieve that goal. However, the overturn didn’t end abortion; it turned the legality of abortion into a “wild-west patchwork” of different state policies. In six states, the new lack of federal framework led them to create policies that dramatically increased access to abortion. All six policies were voted into effect.
Pro-lifers were also running into the problems that unwanted pregnancies pose. They were unwilling to provide the support that mothers unprepared for parenthood needed: They would not donate disposable income to the cause, and they would not volunteer their time to help care for mothers and children. Additionally, the moral stance that life is precious contrasts other political stances of evangelicals. Refugees, victims of gun violence, and other outsiders to the Church aren’t given the same protection as fetuses in cases of abortion.
This hypocrisy harms the credibility of the evangelical community. In response, Democrats became the new single-issue voters, turning out in record numbers to support abortion rights.
Chapter 17 introduces Charlie Kirk, a former youth activist who created Turning Point USA, an organization that promotes the right. He is known for his expert use of social media and online culture, creating “an empire of memes and merchandise” (312). Kirk urges his fellow Christians to ramp up their efforts to defeat a theoretical liberal “enemy” that seeks the downfall of Christianity. He issues a challenge specifically to pastors, condemning them for staying “silent and complicit” in the face of perceived tyranny. “Impotent pastors,” according to Kirk, are the only obstacle to full conservative Christian ownership of America’s key institutions.
One of Kirk’s allies is Eric Metaxas. Modern evangelicals often feel marginalized by academic, intellectual, and elite circles, their main weapon being bombast against the expertise of the intellectual community. A Yale graduate, Metaxas took advantage of that feeling by touting his academic achievements to lend credence to his Christian right philosophy. His persona as a “witty and winsome Christian intellectual” (316) appealed to American evangelicals. Metaxas, however, prioritized self-promotion, often chasing media exposure. Though Metaxas’s books on history were challenged on their veracity by other academics, he remained more interested in appearing to be an accomplished intellectual than actually adhering to facts. As a result, Metaxas was generally disregarded by the Republican elites but welcomed by the Christian extremists. He condemns middle-of-the-road evangelicals, calling them “fooled into silence” (319) and warning that God will deal with them more harshly if they refuse to confront the left.
Kirk supports Metaxas and wants his message to reach more people. He announces that he and Metaxas are teaming up to make a movie version of the latter’s book, Letter to the American Church. At a promotional event, Kirk sits down with Jeff Myers, an evangelical academic whose own book was about finding absolute truth in a world of “epistemological confusion.” The two of them disagree at several points during the conversation, with Myers uncomfortably indulging Kirk’s “adolescent” tirades to encourage Kirk’s followers to buy his book. Kirk expressed increasingly offensive language, such as his disbelief that a “lesbian in a wheelchair” (322) could understand ideas that white straight males could not. Myers points out that the lesbian is still made in the image of God. This is met with a lukewarm response from the audience. Instead, Kirk returns to the idea of the “dehumanization” of fetuses by the left, ignoring a frequent Conservative dehumanization of immigrants, Democrats, and the LGBTQ+ community.
Donald Trump created a turning point towards increasingly hypocritical political standpoints. Trump encouraged support from evangelicals, but in private he called them “ungrateful” if they didn’t meet his expectations. Evangelicals quickly reshaped their belief systems around him and excused his behavior. The development of a culture around Trump eventually created an ideology defined by his most commonly expressed beliefs called Trumpism, surpassing an idolization of an individual to become a widespread movement. Despite a common hard-right belief that the election was fraudulent, his defeat in 2020 proved to be a turning point for the evangelicals, where their culture stopped changing to accommodate Trump and left him behind. Trump had convinced them that “winning was everything” (327), so he ironically no longer aligned with Trumpism.
Ron DeSantis, the governor of Florida, subsequently became popular with evangelicals. DeSantis gained status through his ability to “crush” the left through state power. He smothered perceived progressivism in schools, state agencies, and private corporations like Disney. Trump’s legacy, though, continued to endure. He convinced evangelicals that it was “better to win with vice than to lose with virtue” (328), a sentiment that now encourages extremist politicians and media figures who rely on outrage to gain followers.
Tim Alberta continues to dissect Politics’ Uneasy Alliance With Religion within the evangelical movement. The connecting themes of counterculture, hypocrisy, and the influence of Trumpism are analyzed through literary devices like contrast and irony. He exposes the internal conflicts, moral contradictions, and evolving dynamics within evangelical culture.
Brian Zahnd, the pastor of Word of Life Church, challenges Christian justification of white nationalism, emphasizing the need to place faith in God rather than politics. His central philosophy revolves around the idea of counterculture, with Zahnd advocating for a return to the roots of Christianity as an underdog movement. The literary device of contrast is utilized to highlight the departure of Zahnd’s congregation from the complacent, Republican-leaning crowd to a smaller, more intimate group dedicated to radical forgiveness and doctrinal depth, an approach that juxtaposes Strand’s political one. He demonstrates the necessity of dropping the alliance between political forces and evangelical groups.
Chapter 16 delves into the political landscape surrounding Herschel Walker’s Senate run. The theme of single-issue voting within the evangelical community, particularly on pro-life matters, is explored. Alberta employs irony to describe how Walker’s personal scandals are dismissed by pro-life advocates, revealing the moral compromises within the evangelical political agenda. Alberta exposes the evangelical community’s hypocrisy on pro-life stances and its unwillingness to provide support for mothers. The moral contradictions contribute to the erosion of the community’s credibility, and the decision to attach evangelism to conservative politics is blamed for the clear hypocrisy. The single-issue voting mentality ultimately leads to the mobilization of Democrats supporting abortion rights.
The chapter also provides historical context through Ralph Reed, who acknowledges the persistent nature of character attacks in politics while conveniently sidestepping his own role in attacking Bill Clinton on moral grounds in the 90s.
In Chapter 17, the focus shifts to Charlie Kirk and Eric Metaxas, emblematic figures of the Christian right’s engagement with social media that distorts the truth and allows fraudulent manipulation to flourish. Kirk’s challenge to pastors to resist perceived tyranny and Metaxas’s posturing as a Christian intellectual both expose the hollowness of their extremist stances. Kirk represents Evangelism as a Tool of White Nationalism, showcasing how the two movements support one another. However, white nationalism and its justifications cannot hold up to serious academic scrutiny.
Ultimately, Alberta shows Evangelism’s Increasing Disconnect From Scripture, symbolized by Kirk’s divisive statements and Metaxas’s promotion of physical confrontation against the left. The hypocrisy within the modern right, particularly in their dehumanization of certain groups, is condemned by both Alberta and Zahnd. Furthermore, the troubling trajectory of Trumpism is displayed by its rejection of Donald Trump himself, after his defeat. Trumpism has become a fearful, violent, independent force, no longer dictated by the man himself. New figures can take leadership of the moment, such as the Christian Ron DeSantis.