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51 pages 1 hour read

Raymond Chandler

The Lady in the Lake

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1943

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Chapters 17-24Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 17 Summary

Marlowe meets Kingsley at the Athletic Club and updates him about what happened at Lavery’s apartment. Marlowe asks if Crystal owned a gun, and Kingsley confirms that she did. Marlowe then shows Kingsley the gun he obtained at Lavery’s, but Kingsley isn’t sure it is Crystal’s gun. Kingsley offers Marlowe $500 to lose the gun, they debate the issue, and Marlowe insists on returning the gun to Lavery’s apartment for the police to find. Marlowe uses one of Kingsley’s handkerchiefs to wipe down the gun. Kingsley reveals that Fromsett and Lavery were lovers for a while, and that Fromsett knows Mr. and Mrs. Almore. Kingsley further admits to being in love with Fromsett. Marlowe warns Kingsley to hide his knowledge of Lavery’s death until the police tell him that Lavery is dead.

Chapter 18 Summary

Marlowe returns to the Gillerlain Company and meets with Fromsett. She says she met Mr. and Mrs. Almore at one of Lavery’s parties. Marlowe tells her that Almore called the cops when Marlowe first went to Lavery’s place, and that the cop asked him if he was working for Mrs. Florence Almore’s parents. Fromsett tells Marlowe about an altercation between Florence and a man named Brownwell. Fromsett also reveals that the night Florence died, she had been drugged by her husband after getting into trouble at a gambling establishment. Brownwell was arrested for drunk driving before he could talk to the private detective Florence’s parents hired. When Fromsett tries to end the conversation, Marlowe pulls out the handkerchief with her initials on it.

Chapter 19 Summary

Fromsett strongly dislikes the perfume on the handkerchief but admits that it belongs to her. She claims to have lost it at Lavery’s apartment a while ago. Marlowe tells her that Lavery is dead. She shudders and bends her cigarette before making her face expressionless. Fromsett admits that she once loved Lavery but is no longer in love with him. She also asserts that she didn’t kill him. Marlowe thinks the police are going to suspect that Crystal killed Lavery, but he thinks that Almore had something to do with it. Fromsett agrees with this latter theory. She agrees to find information about Florence’s parents for Marlowe.

Chapter 20 Summary

Marlowe replaces the gun and calls the police in Lavery’s apartment. Two cops arrive and question Marlowe. He maintains his innocence and says he’ll wait for the homicide detectives.

Chapter 21 Summary

Degarmo and Captain Webber arrive at Lavery’s apartment and examine the body. Marlowe mentions that they are friends with Almore, and Degarmo’s expression goes blank. One of the uniformed cops, Eddie, jokes about how they hid the Almore case “in the back of the shelf” (117) or, in other words, buried it. Eddie also talks about how Lavery found Florence’s body. Webber calls the coroner, Ed Garland, then questions Marlowe. After seeing Marlowe’s license, Webber says private detectives cause trouble and warns Marlowe that he won’t allow any trouble in Bay City. Degarmo says the murderer is probably a woman and suggests that the police should work with Marlowe. Marlowe tells them he came to question Lavery as part of his investigation of a case for Kingsley.

When Marlowe mentions Little Fawn Lake, Degarmo briefly pauses his writing. Webber doesn’t want to investigate Florence’s death, only Lavery’s. Marlowe admits that he has evidence that Crystal has been in Lavery’s apartment, and Degarmo speculates that she killed Lavery. Other officers and the coroner arrive. Marlowe asks Degarmo whether Almore killed Florence and was able to get the cops to cover it up. Degarmo slaps Marlowe. Degarmo tells Marlowe to repeat what he said, Marlowe does, and Degarmo slaps Marlowe again. Then, Degarmo threatens to harm Marlowe if he interferes in the case.

Chapter 22 Summary

Marlowe goes to his office in Hollywood and starts drinking from a bottle he keeps there. He receives a letter from Adrienne Fromsett that includes the name and address of Florence’s parents. Marlowe cleans up a little in his office before heading out.

Chapter 23 Summary

Marlowe goes to the residence of Eustace Grayson, Florence’s father, and Lettie Grayson, her mother. Marlowe asks them about Lavery, but they don’t want to talk about their daughter’s death. They become interested in talking when Marlowe mentions that Degarmo asked if Marlowe was the private detective Grayson hired. The couple reveals the name of the detective they did hire, Talley. They suspect Florence was killed because she disliked Almore’s business practice of giving sedatives to patients when other doctors would have them committed. Marlowe wonders if Lavery was blackmailing Almore, and Eustace thinks this is a possibility. He also thinks that Talley was framed for drunk driving. Lettie gives Marlowe the address for Talley’s wife.

Marlowe tells the Graysons that Lavery is dead. Eustace suspects that Almore killed Florence to hide his extramarital affair with a nurse, and that Almore also killed Lavery. After Mr. and Mrs. Grayson pursued legal action, the gambling establishment that Florence visited the night that she died, “Condy’s place” (133), was closed. The nurse that Almore had an affair with was named Mildred Haviland, Lettie believes. Eustace offers Marlowe money to prove Almore is a murderer.

Chapter 24 Summary

Marlowe visits George Talley’s wife. She thinks he is a bill collector. When he asks about the Graysons, she says she is sick and wants to be left alone. He offers her money, but she still isn’t interested in talking to him. She threatens to scream if he doesn’t leave her alone, and he leaves his card in the door.

Chapters 17-24 Analysis

Though he remains a first-person narrator, Marlowe occasionally refers to himself in the third person. He says to Kingsley, “Marlowe may be a very smart guy and very fond of you personally, but he can’t risk the suppression of such vital evidence as the gun that killed a man” (100). This use of the third person highlights another aspect of Identity and Deception: Despite the deceptions he practices in his work, Marlowe is concerned with his reputation and with the maintenance of his self-image. When he speaks of himself in the third person, he is imagining how he is perceived by others. If he suppressed evidence by hiding the gun that Mildred used to kill Lavery, he would not only risk his reputation but also damage his sense of personal integrity. It doesn’t matter that Kingsley offers him several hundred dollars; Marlowe cares more about not tampering with the evidence than money. Marlowe’s unwillingness to accept a bribe highlights the irony of Institutional Corruption—Marlowe’s status as a private detective means that he is always suspected of corruption, while police officers like De Soto are assumed to be operating within the law. The truth is just the opposite, as Webber points out that the police force is an attractive profession for people who wish to use their power for personal gain. When Webber says to Marlowe: “People in your line make a lot of trouble” (119), he means it in part as a compliment: The kind of disruption that Webber refers to is how private investigators sometimes discover issues within the police force.

Institutional corruption permeates this section. Marlowe discovers that Almore is able to control the police. Almore “murdered his wife and had enough pull to get it fixed” (123). Almore is able to convince Degarmo to cover up Florence’s murder. However, this is mainly because Almore’s accomplice is Degarmo’s wife, Mildred, not because Almore is especially powerful or influential. He is just a doctor who gives out morphine too frequently. Before learning about the multiple identities of Mildred, Marlowe suspects Almore alone killed Florence. Only later does he determine the extent of Mildred and Degarmo’s involvement in the murder. Rather than serve and protect, Degarmo practices deception and allows a murderer to go free.

Memory operates as a motif in this section, as Marlowe’s understanding of the limitations of memory leads him to suspect that some of the people he talks to are not telling him the whole truth Remembering too many specific details is as suspicious, if not more suspicious, than remembering too few details. When Marlowe shows Kingsley the gun used to kill Lavery, Kingsley says, “Nobody remembers the serial numbers of guns” (98), and Marlowe replies, “I was hoping you wouldn’t […] It would have worried me very much” (98). Memory is limited; few people remember serial numbers, or other long strings of numbers, without making a special effort to memorize them. Later, when he talks to Fromsett, she recalls a longer conversation and worries that this might seem suspicious. She clarifies: “If you think I remember it too well, it’s part of my job to remember conversations” (108). Fromsett is honest about the limits of what she can remember, which is more than someone else in the position of Kingsley’s assistant, and she does end up being innocent.

Lastly, Chandler develops the motif of hair as part of the theme of Identity and Deception. Like Muriel/Mildred and Crystal, the phone operator who works near Fromsett has blond hair. Marlowe notices her the second time he visits Kingsley’s office: the “Same fluffy little blonde was tucked in behind the PBX in the corner” (103). Women are referred to by their hair color. Fromsett is easily distinguished from this blond woman by having dark hair. However, as several characters note, blond hair is common in Southern California, and the PBX operator probably could be mistaken for Crystal. The similarity is implied through the operator never being named, only referred to by her hair color. This tendency to treat women as interchangeable suggests a pervasive sexism—precisely the cultural habit that Mildred takes advantage of to slip easily between identities. On the other hand, Marlowe’s hair indicates his age and experience. When he brushes his hair, he “looked at the gray in it. There was getting to be plenty of gray in it” (125). In this patriarchal culture, gray hair in men connotes experience and wisdom, while in women it connotes obsolescence and irrelevance. Marlowe notices his graying hair as a mark of aging, but he accepts it and integrates it into his self-image.

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