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Emily DickinsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Emily Dickinson lived her entire life in Massachusetts, the US state with the strongest Puritan heritage. From a young age, she received instruction in Calvinist doctrine, a hard-line sect of Protestant Christianity that stresses the absolute authority of Scripture, the idea of original sin (the belief that all human beings inherit a sinful nature at the moment of their birth), and predestination (the belief that each human’s eventual afterlife has been decided before their birth). Dickinson’s troubles with Calvinism at Mount Holyoke Female Seminary are fairly well-documented: Almost instantly, Dickinson bucked against the strictness of the school’s Calvinist theology, and she found their religious rules and practices “invasive” (Habegger, Alfred., “Emily Dickinson.” Britannica.com). While there, Dickinson described herself as being spiritually “without hope” and expressed no desire to be a Christian (“Emily Dickinson.” Poetry Foundation). Years later, when widespread spiritual awakenings were happening across America, Dickinson was the only member of her family who did not undergo any kind of conversion experience. While she resisted and criticized many aspects of Christianity her whole life, Dickinson remained a believer with her own understanding of Christianity, best expressed in poems like “Some keep the Sabbath going to Church” and “This World is not Conclusion.”
Dickinson often used poetry to consider such Christian metaphysical topics as death, God, resurrection, the natural world, the eternal afterlife, and the world to come. Poems like “The Only News I know” depict Dickinson’s constant meditations on the subject of eternity. Like “This World is Not Conclusion,” the poem “I never saw a Moor” highlights her certainty that God and Heaven exist, despite her never having seen them personally. In most of her poems, Dickinson displays a strong, if unorthodox, belief in the existence of a life after death.
However, in many other poems, Dickinson criticizes blind, overzealous faith. In “‘Faith’ is a fine invention,” Dickinson facetiously encourages the use of a microscope “in an Emergency” (Line 4) rather than relying on faith alone. While she believes religious faith has its place, she also believes that faith should not inhibit technological progress and contradict scientific understanding. “This World is not Conclusion” similarly condemns the kind of blind, unthinking faith that accepts the existence of eternity without question.
Perhaps the poem that best represents Dickinson’s complicated perspective on faith and science is “The Skies can’t keep their secret.” In it, Dickinson discusses the mysteries of God, arguing that a close and active observation of the natural world is the only way one to understand spiritual mysteries. However, Dickinson has no wish to entirely uncover God’s secrets to preserve the “sorcery” (Line 12) or mysterious magic of the world. Science and the natural world’s operations are important to learn about, but the purpose of God and eternity lies in the act of speculating about them: Spiritual fulfillment comes not from answers but from questions.
By Emily Dickinson