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Ashley Rhodes-CourterA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Ashley is taken from the Hagens’ house by her new caseworker, Miles Ferris, who has “a gentle smile and puppy-dog eyes” but is actually “a careless and uncaring man” (59). She is taken to stay with Charles and Marjorie Moss in “a double-wide [trailer] with three bedrooms and two bathrooms” housing “as many as fourteen children […] even though their legal capacity was for only seven” (64).
Luke is delighted to see Ashley, but Mrs. Moss angrily sends him to a time out for showing his excitement. She takes Ashley to the cramped girls’ room and puts her “dressy dresses” and her dolls in a locked shed outside because “‘[w]e don’t keep personal possessions in the house,’” and there is “‘[n]o need for fancy things here’” (63).
The children are “often hungry” (67) and have to drink from the garden hose, spending most of the days locked outside. Mrs. Moss cruelly punishes the children for mistakes and imaginary transgressions, often making them drink hot sauce. When Ashley asks for cereal instead of stew, Mrs. Moss intentionally gives her rotten milk. When Ashley vomits, Mrs. Moss is furious and “grip[s] my hair and pushe[s] my face into my puke” (68).
Another time, she punishes Ashley by making her run twenty-five laps “around the long, horse-shoe shaped driveway” (73). When Ashley trips and can’t carry on, Mrs. Moss pulls her up by her hair and makes her squat in a pressure position beneath the kitchen counter for twenty minutes, beating Ashley when she uses her fingertips for balance. Ashley bites her cheek so hard that “[b]lood dribble[s] down my chin” (74).
However, in front of caseworkers or other foster parents, Mrs. Moss merely “act[s] concerned” (70) instead of punishing the children, claiming, “‘All they need is love and attention […] and I’ve got plenty of both to go around’” (71). When Ashley and Luke are taken to see their mother, Mrs. Moss interferes, “prob[ing]” (75) her about attending rehab while Mr. Ferris grows “impatient,” telling Ashley’s mother that “‘you’ve got to get cracking on these tasks’” (76).
When Mrs. Moss’s granddaughter reports being made to drink hot sauce, two men are sent to the trailer to interview the children. They say, “‘Whatever you say will be confidential,’” but Mrs. Moss is “close enough to overhear every word” (77). The children reluctantly admit to some of the cruel treatment they have endured. However, Mrs. Moss then prompts Ashley by saying, “‘You wanted to tell him that you exaggerated, right?’” (79).
Ashley recognizes that, “[i]f the men [do] not take me away that afternoon, I [will] get an even worse punishment than I had before” (79), so she claims, “‘I j-just fell […] It w-was an accident’” (80). The men accept this explanation, as does the doctor who checks her injured cheek. The doctor prescribes gargling warm salt water, but when Ashley accidentally sprays the water out of her mouth, Mrs. Moss grabs her and pours it down her throat. When she chokes and sprays some more water, Mrs. Moss pours hot cause in her mouth and holds “my cheeks together, pressing the tender spot with her thumb” and exclaiming, “‘Bet salt water is looking better and better’” (81).
Ashley has been in “that hateful house for only six weeks” (82), and it is already having a profound effect on her. She has begun wetting the bed, and Mrs. Moss insists that they change the sheets only once a month and she can “sleep in that bed as punishment” (83). When she continues to wet the bed, Mrs. Moss makes her put on a baby’s diaper and go and tell the other children, “‘I’m a disgusting pig and p-p-pissed myself’” (83).
The children have to bath every night, sharing the same water, even if the younger children have defecated in it first. Luke regularly refuses, and Mrs. Moss dunks him under, and Ashley can often hear him “screaming in terror” (85). Ashley is glad when school starts because she is out of the house more often and gets more food. The children are assigned to write about a winter holiday with their family, and Ashley cries because she has no such family memories. The teacher says she can write about “an imaginary snowman” (87) instead, and Ashley wins the prize for the best story.
Ashley’s mother finally makes it to a meeting, and Mr. Ferris acknowledges that she has nearly completed all the tasks required to prove she is a competent mother. However, he cuts the meeting short, despite Ashley’s mother having driven “‘more than eight hours to get here’” (89). Mrs. Moss makes Ashley “teach the girls all the verses to ‘You Are My Sunshine’” (91). When they are made to sing it in front of visitors, the “words [stick] like a chicken bone in my throat. This [is] my song, our song” (92). She “chew[s] a hangnail to suppress my fury” (92).
Mrs. Moss’s abuse continues. When one of the children tears open the wrapping on a Christmas present, she threatens to burn them all if no one owns up, so Ashley takes the blame and receives fewer presents. After Luke soils himself at school, Ashley is called to the guidance counsellor, who reports that “‘[h]e said he’s afraid he’ll have to drink hot sauce again’” (94). Ashley confirms that this is true. A woman interviews the children at school, and they all reluctantly report some of the abuse. Two weeks later, Mr. Ferris takes Ashley out of the trailer to be rehomed. However, she has to leave her school friends, her dolls, and most importantly, Luke behind.
As they drive away from the Mosses’, Mr. Ferris demands of Ashley, “‘[W]hy don’t you ever tell the truth, young lady?’” and insists that “‘[t]he Mosses run one of our finest foster homes, and you were trying to ruin it for everyone’” (99). Ashley is outraged but believes “Mrs. Moss might have gotten away with it this time, but not forever” (99).
Once Ashley is at the Lake Magdalene Children’s Shelter, she reports the Mosses’ abuse “to anyone who [will] listen, and there [are] plenty of sympathetic ears” (102), including those of Luke’s new foster family and a police officer who comes to the shelter to hear her account of her time there.
Ashley’s mother visits the children and tells Luke that she has signed away her rights to him so he “belong[s] to Dusty, not me” (106). This will prove to be “the last time my then five-year-old brother ever saw our mother” (106). However, Ashley still believes that she will “always come back for me” (106).
Ashley moves in with Luke’s new foster family, the Merritts. She “relishe[s] the serene environment” (111) but is insecure about the stability of the placement, acting out because she believes it will “be easier if they [throw] me out before I really [want] to stay. Why had I allowed myself to relax?” (114). She observes that her “nails [have] even grown out” and “deliberately [bites] them off one by one” (114).
Ashley and Luke get a Guardian ad Litem named Mary Miller to “represent your best interests in court” (115). She is the first person to ask, “‘What can I do for you?’” (115). Initially, Ashley thinks that Mary is “just a well-mannered woman who check[s] on our progress,” but years later she will realize “everything she had accomplished on Luke’s and my behalf” (118).
Ashley’s mother gives her a music box. Ashley “open[s] the lid expecting to hear ‘You Are My Sunshine,’” but her mother tells her that “‘they didn’t have it’” (117). Mary is suspicious of Ashley’s mother, who lies about her sobriety and job stability, and the guardian eventually asks lawyers “to begin termination proceedings for Dusty Grover’s rights to Luke and my mother’s rights to me” (118-119). Eventually, in a voice that is “both tender and firm,” she tells Ashley that she will never live with her mother because “‘she can’t take care of you’” (126).
Ashley is moved once again, this time to the Chavez house. She finds the home friendly and welcoming but still believes that “the day [will] come when their hospitality [will] end suddenly” (125). She also feels like “an outsider by race, religion, culture—and blood” (129). One day, Mrs. Chavez tells Ashley that Mrs. Moss has invited her to stay for the night. Ashley protests, but Mrs. Chavez says Mrs. Moss “sounds very nice” (130), and Mr. Ferris drops Ashley off that weekend.
Mrs. Moss asks Ashley, “‘Remember all those nasty things you said about us? They weren’t true, right?’” (132). Ashley shakes her head, refusing to “give her the satisfaction of falsely apologizing aloud” (132). Mrs. Moss has now adopted Mandy, a girl who was being fostered at the Mosses at the same time as Ashley, and pinches the girl, telling her, “‘Remember, Mandy, you’re mine now, and I can beat the shit out of you anytime I want’” (133).
Ashley finds a condom in her bag and opens it before deciding that she should be honest and tell Mrs. Moss. Mrs. Moss is furious and shows it to Mr. Ferris the next day, claiming that Ashley “‘brought it here on purpose’” and “‘showed everyone how it’s used—even the little ones!’” (135). She also tells Mr. Ferris that Ashley said, “‘I’m sorry I caused you so much trouble by telling those lies about you’” (135). Later, Mr. Ferris tells Ashley, “‘Nobody likes a liar’” (135).
When Mary insists that Ashley’s mother complete a final drug test, she refuses and “sign[s] a paper for the termination of her parental rights to me instead” (137). Her parental rights are terminated so that that Ashley will “never see her” again, making it official that “I [am] an orphan” (137).
The foster care system’s failure remains a key theme in these chapters. In a sense, Miles Ferris personifies this with his “gentle smile and puppy-dog eyes” that disguise “a careless and uncaring man” (59). Both he and the system in general fail to see anything wrong with placing Ashley and Luke with Mr. and Mrs. Moss in “a double-wide [trailer] with three bedrooms and two bathrooms” that houses “as many as fourteen children […] even though their legal capacity was for only seven” (64).
Overcrowding is perhaps the least of Mrs. Moss’s abuses. The first indication of her cruel nature comes when she deprives Ashley of her dolls and dresses, insisting that there is “‘[n]o need for fancy things here’” (63). Numerous sadistic punishments follow this, such as forcing the children to drink hot sauce, “push[ing] [Ashley’s] face into [her] puke” (68), or making the children run laps “around the long, horse-shoe shaped driveway” (73). The abuse deeply troubles Ashley, and she begins wetting the bed. Mrs. Moss makes her “sleep in that bed as punishment” and put on a baby’s diaper and go tell the other children, “‘I’m a disgusting pig and p-p-pissed myself’” (83).
The failings of the foster care system are apparent again in the way visitors and workers believe Mrs. Moss’s appearance of concern and care and her claims that all the children “‘need is love and attention […] and I’ve got plenty of both to go around’” (71). One of the displays of happy homelife Mrs. Moss arranges means Ashley has to “teach the girls all the verses to ‘You Are My Sunshine’” (91). Again, this song is highly symbolic, as Lorraine often calls Ashley “Sunshine,” and the “words [stick] like a chicken bone in my throat. This [is] my song, our song” (92).
Additionally, Ashley’s repressed emotions are symbolically alluded to by her “chew[ing] a hangnail to suppress my fury” (92). Even when workers and police do investigate the abuses at the Mosses’ home, they fail to do so in an adequate manner, interviewing the children while Mrs. Moss is “close enough to overhear every word” (77) and not questioning her prompting Ashley by saying, “‘You wanted to tell him that you exaggerated, right?’” (79). Faced with such negligence, Ashley recognizes that “[i]f the men [do] not take me away that afternoon, I [will] get an even worse punishment than I had before” (79) and retracts her report of abuse. Even when Ashley is finally taken away from the abusive home, it is because she is labeled as a troublemaker, rather than because anyone believes the allegations of abuse. Mr. Ferris even asks Ashley, “‘[W]hy don’t you ever tell the truth, young lady?’” and insists that “‘[t]he Mosses run one of our finest foster homes, and you were trying to ruin it for everyone’” (99).
It is not until Ashley is moved to the Lake Magdalene Children’s Shelter that people actually listen to her allegations and provide “sympathetic ears” (102). However, even after she has left the shelter and is with another foster family, Mrs. Moss’s manipulation continues when she invites Ashley to stay the night in the caravan. Mrs. Chavez is entirely duped by the performance, insisting that Mrs. Moss “sounds very nice” (130). Miles Ferris is equally manipulated after the visit, when Mrs. Moss claims that Ashley said, “‘I’m sorry I caused you so much trouble by telling those lies about you’” and then brought a condom into the house and “‘showed everyone how it’s used—even the little ones!’” (135). Again entirely disbelieving Ashley, Mr. Ferris tells her, “‘Nobody likes a liar’” (135).
When Ashley moves into the Merritts’ house, the effects of her constant instability show. She cannot truly trust that this is a reliable situation and acts out because she believes it will “be easier if they [throw] me out before I really [want] to stay. Why had I allowed myself to relax?” (114). This conflict over letting her guard down slightly is symbolically highlighted by the fact that when she realizes her “nails [have] even grown out,” she decides to “deliberately [bite] them off one by one” (114). Ashley experiences similar insecurity in the Chavez house, believing that, while they are welcoming, “the day [will] come when their hospitality [will] end suddenly” (125).
Even though Lorraine signs away her legal claim to Luke, Ashley still clings to the belief that she will “always come back for me” (106). The inevitability of disappointment is apparent by this point and is alluded to with Lorraine’s gift of the music box. Although Ashley “open[s] the lid expecting to hear ‘You Are My Sunshine,’” her mother reveals that “‘they didn’t have it’” (117), suggesting another failure to live up to her claim that Ashley is her “sunshine.” When Mary Miller enters Ashley’s and Luke’s lives, they receive a true champion for their rights for the first time. It will be years before Ashley realizes “everything she had accomplished on Luke’s and my behalf” (118), but even at the beginning of their relationship, she is the first person to ever ask her, “‘What can I do for you?’” (115). Suspicious of Lorraine’s claims of sobriety and job stability, Mary makes a difficult decision for the children’s best interests and asks lawyers “to begin termination proceedings for Dusty Grover’s rights to Luke and my mother’s rights to me” (118-119) and eventually tells Ashley, in a voice that is “both tender and firm,” that she will never live with her mother because “‘she can’t take care of you’” (126). When Lorraine “sign[s] a paper for the termination of her parental rights to me instead [of completing a final drug test]” (137), Ashley is officially an orphan. Although this course is difficult and emotional, in pursuing it, Mary is the person who sets Ashley free of her fixation on returning to her mother, allowing her to open up to the idea of trusting others and looking for a more reliable source of maternal love.