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47 pages 1 hour read

Graham Swift

Waterland

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1983

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Chapters 11-15Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 11 Summary: “About Accidental Death”

Freddie Parr’s death is officially declared an accident on July 29, 1943, but neither Tom nor his father accept this declaration. Tom recounts his father’s testimonial in court as a witness, highlighting his father’s confusion over the verdict of accidental death. He then questions why Jack Parr, Freddie’s drunken father, is not implicated and postulates various answers. The chapter ends with a statement glorifying the land.

Chapter 12 Summary: “About the Change of Life”

Tom addresses the present-day Mary, who is “gone, still here but gone, somewhere inside yourself […] and all that is left is your story” (116). He asks poignant questions about their youthful optimism in their “miraculous land” where “God looked down on us” (116). He elaborates on his young beauty, who “was adventurous, inquisitive, unrestrainable” but announced they must part after becoming pregnant and after “much having occurred in the interval” (117). In her seclusion, Tom says Mary is “preparing herself for her later marriage—which would be a sort of fenland” (118).

The couple marries upon reuniting three years later, after Tom serves in the war and after her father approaches Henry Crick, fearful for his daughter’s health. Tom and Mary move to London and prosper while living a very quotidian existence. Henry Crick dies, and the farm is sold. After three decades, Mary suddenly leaves her job. At a dinner party Tom relays the story of Price, his “bit of a trouble-maker” (125) student.

Back in the classroom on Tom’s last day, he rambles about “a future history teacher and a future history teacher’s wife for whom things went wrong” (126). He begins each section of the story with “Once upon a time” (126), ending with 52-year-old Mary announcing she will have a baby because God has told her she will. Tom then implores his students never to “stop asking why […] don’t try to escape this question Why” (130).

Chapter 13 Summary: “Histrionics”

Young Tom is relieved when he realizes, “If death was accidental then it couldn’t have been murder […] Nothing’s changed” (131). Mary replies, “It’s not all right. Because it wasn’t an accident. Everything’s changed” (131).

Tom is furious. Mary asserts she knows what she will do without telling Tom. When he returns home, Tom is confronted by his father asking whether their relationship is serious, to which Tom has no answer, just questions about what he is going to do.

Chapter 14 Summary: “De La Revolution”

Tom continues to address his class, this time delving deep into philosophical explanations for history and its treatment of time. He asserts it’s “no wonder we move in circles” (136). He then poses the question, “What is this thing that takes us back, either via catastrophe and confusion or in our heart’s desire, to where we were? Let’s call it Natural History” (137), after which he uses the French Revolution to illustrate various points. When Price makes a case for the future, Tom goes back even further in time to prove his points.

Chapter 15 Summary: “About the Ouse”

Tom reaches further in time to tell of the origins of the Ouse River. Like time, Tom argues, the river comes back to itself. He asserts “that we cannot step twice into the same river, [it] is not to be trusted. Because we are always stepping into the same river” (146). The Leem River flows into the Ouse, and “by the Leem, in the year 1943, lived a lock-keeper” (146) named Henry Crick.

Chapters 11-15 Analysis

Chapter 11 shows how accidents often cause unintended outcomes and misguided blame, like Tom’s father feeling guilty about Freddie’s death when Freddie’s own father—a known scoundrel and drunk, and the root of Freddie’s drunkenness (Freddie was drunk when he died)—isn’t blamed. The dramatic irony stemming from Tom’s knowledge of the facts surrounding the murder adds to Tom’s conviction to follow his inquisitive mind and investigative spirit instead of accepting the death as an accident.

Romanticism and realism clash in Chapter 12. The idyllic description of Tom and Mary’s young love imbued with adventure and spirituality wrapped in nature’s beauty is short-lived when they are forced to put emotions aside and accept the practical facts of the pregnancy. This turning point emphasizes the idea that the present moment may hold happiness, but only briefly, and that pragmatism often supersedes romantic tendencies, a supposition demonstrated further in the remainder of the chapter.

Accepting “Histrionics” as a way to circumvent real problems is not an option in Chapter 13, which shows both literal and symbolic examples of “accidental death” (131). No amount of posturing by Tom will convince Mary to turn Freddie’s death into a story it is not, just as there is no alternative to Mary’s plan to right the accidental pregnancy, soon to end in the baby’s death. The parent-child relationship also exists as both Tom and Freddie’s fathers demand explanations from their sons, again highlighting the need for answers in an unsure world.

Chapters 14 and 15 address the idea of the circle of time and how man’s psychological return to the same place in a search for renewal, whether in the recent past or in ancient times, produces opportunity for enlightenment. More often, however, it reproduces the same results with little progression, as mirrored in the waterland that ebbs and flows through time but rarely makes significant strides.

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